What is graphic design and where did it come from?

 

 

 Let's start with a definition of graphic design

 Graphic design is a discipline aimed at developing a communication object to promote, instruct or inform (the object created can also be linked to culture).

 Graphic design consists of creating, choosing and using graphic elements, such as

 typographic characters,

 drawings,

 colors,

 Pictures…

 “graphic design can be defined as the formal processing of information and knowledge.  The graphic designer is then a mediator who acts on the conditions of reception and appropriation of the information and knowledge that he shapes.  » Annick Lantenois, Art historian by training

 A little history,

 The founding elements of graphic design and by extension those of visual communication originated in the Lascaux caves (between 18,000 and 15,000 BC), the cave paintings thus mark the origin of graphic design.  Later will come the birth of writing in Mesopotamia (around 3500 BCE).  Graphic design will then follow human evolution, that of writing and finally that of the massive dissemination of images.

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Classic graphics: from 700 BC until the end of the 19th century

 Classic graphics are basically built around the letter:

 

 Phoenician writing (1200 - 1100 BCE),

 The Roman capital,

 The tiny Carolingian, also called Caroline,

 Calligraphy then Gothic typography (used by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440),

 Humanist writing, used during the Italian Renaissance.

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 Graphic design then underwent a slow evolution at the rate of technical and cultural developments.  An important change occurs in the 19th century when a distinction appears between the plastic arts and the applied arts.

 Plastic arts: everything starts with an inspiration

 Applied arts: everything starts with an order

 Contemporary graphic design: from the 20th century

 With industrialization and the advent of the consumer society, new media emerged and advertising arrived from 1945. Graphic design then jumped on the bandwagon and became more professional to enhance and exploit these new communication tools.

 The graphic designer then becomes a professional, he formalizes and clarifies a political or advertising communication message and then lays it out graphically.  The International Graphic Alliance was founded in Basel in 1950.

 From 1960 to 1970, poster artists such as Cassandre, Savignac, Villemot and Jacno rose to fame with the development of advertising.

 

 Graphics, design, video and comics are becoming popular and some graphic designers are recognized as artists: Roman Cieslewicz or Grapus for political posters, Jean Widmer for visual identity.

 The terms "graphics" and "graphic design" are inventions of the 20th century, the term "graphicdesign" is also becoming more and more widespread

 The profession of graphic designer

 The graphic designer must master professional software such as Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, (Creative Cloud Abobe 2022 suite),... He must know how to draw and handle many visual codes, in particular color language, typography...).  He must be curious and open-minded enough to be able to adapt to any request.

 The translation of ideas into images takes place in at least two distinct stages.

 Customer demand analysis

 The analysis of the client's request is carried out during a creative brief, most often followed by a restitution serving as specifications.

 Example: Excerpt from a creative brief for the Flower Market logo

 Translating ideas into images and developing a concept

 Once the idea and the orientation have been defined, the graphic designer expresses it in an image in an aesthetic way to translate with relevance the message formulated by the client.

 The focus is on concept development.  In a communication agency, this phase takes place under the responsibility of an artistic director.

 The role of the graphic designer can include the choice of paper, colors and words.  Once the image has been developed, it can be used on communication media such as posters.

 The skills and qualities of the graphic designer

  graphic designer is essential in any graphic chain, he must:

 to be creative,

 be on a technological watch,

 obviously have a sense of graphic design and aesthetics,

 have an interest in books, image and text formatting,

 master the meaning of the association of colors and the knowledge of the symbolism of colors.

 To conclude on the graphics,

 Since its origin in the caves of Lascaux, graphic design has become ubiquitous in our society.  Whole sections of our economy depend on visual communication, imagine for a moment your daily life without a graphic designer?

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